Abstract

This study evaluated the health risks associated with nitrate and nitrite in water of Anka artisanal mining area. 104 water samples were obtained in both the dry and rainy seasons using standard methods. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to estimate the concentrations of NO₃ and NO₂. The single pollution index (SPI) and the Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI) were used to evaluate the extent of contamination. The approach given by the USEPA was used to calculate non-carcinogenic health risks. During the dry season, the average concentrations of NO₃ and NO₂ in groundwater in the area were 298.70 mg/L and 0.87 mg/L, respectively, whereas during the rainy season, they were 64.34 mg/L and 9.16 mg/L. During the dry season, the mean values of NO₃ and NO₂ in surface water were 71.99 mg/L and 8.13 mg/L respectively, while during the wet season, they were 71.79 mg/L and 8.24 mg/L. Infants are more susceptible to non-carcinogenic health concerns linked with NO₃ and NO₂ in water from this area, according to a health risk assessment. To avoid health hazards connected with nitrate and nitrite, it is advised that mining activities in the vicinity be closely monitored.

Key Words: Anka, Nitrate, Nitrite, Non-carcinogenic health risks, Water pollution