Abstract
The study evaluates the remedial option’s effectiveness of lead contaminated site in Bagega community, Zamfara state. Samples of soil and water were collected from residential compounds (BRC), residential garden (BRG), village common area (BVC), processing areas (BPA), farmland areas (BFA), wells (BWE), boreholes (BBH) and ponds (BPO)water at the same locations before and after remediation using standard procedures of ASTM D6907 and APHA respectively. The concentrations of lead metal in soil and water samples before and after remediation were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance with ASTM D 3559 and ASTM D1976 standard methods. The results revealed that soil samples recorded the highest lead concentration reduction of 96.1 % in BRG while the least lead concentration reduction of 51.7 % was recorded in BFA after remediation. Water samples recorded least lead concentration reduction of 21.0 % in BBH and highest lead concentration reduction of 70.8 % in BPO after remediation. On the health risk analyses, BPA/01, 07 and 11; BFA/04, 07 and 08 posed health risk to the people while BPO/02, 06 and 09 posed no health risk to the people after remediation. The study therefore concluded that remediation was completely effective at BRC, BRG and BVC but it was not completely effective at BPA and BFA.
Key Words: Health risks, Lead concentration, Lead poison, Remediation
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