Abstract

This study examined the soil nutrient analysis for rice productivity in Gwagwalada. It aimed to analyze the nutrient composition within the rice farms, determine variations across different sites, and compare these values with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standards for rice cultivation. A total of sixteen (16) soil samples were collected from four (4) sites, with four (4) samples per site. These samples were composited into one (1) representative sample per site, totaling four (4) samples, which were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine variations across sites and compare them with FAO standards. Findings revealed site-specific variations in soil properties. Nitrogen levels ranged from 90–150 kg/ha across the sites, while phosphorus ranged from 15–40 kg/ha. Potassium concentrations, the highest among all parameters, varied from 135–280 g/kg, exceeding FAO standards across all sites. Soil pH levels ranged between 5.5–7.2, with Site D recording a slightly higher-than-recommended pH. Organic matter content was relatively low across the sites, ranging from 1.6% to 3.6%, indicating potential limitations in long-term soil fertility and sustainability. The ANOVA results showed significant variations in soil parameters across the sites (F = 0.335), while comparisons with FAO standards (F = 0.323) indicated that the deviations, though present, were not highly significant. The study concludes that variations in soil colour and structure influence soil properties, with potassium consistently recording the highest mean values, whereas organic matter remained the lowest. The low organic matter content suggests limited soil organic carbon, which could affect microbial activity, water retention, and overall soil sustainability. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting soil conservation techniques such as terracing and mulching to maintain soil structure and water retention. The application of organic amendments like compost and farmyard manure, alongside controlled use of inorganic fertilizers, is crucial for sustaining soil fertility. Regular soil testing should be conducted to manage pH variations effectively, ensuring optimal nutrient availability. Additionally, strengthening agricultural extension services will enhance farmers’ knowledge of soil conservation and sustainable rice production practices in Gwagwalada.

Keywords: Soil-pH, Soil-nutrient, Soil-conservation, Rice-yield, Rice-farm