Abstract

Bushmeat remains a critical protein source in sub-Saharan Africa but poses risks when contaminated with toxic heavy metals. This study investigated concentrations of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in smoked bushmeat samples from three major markets (Brewery, Ishara, and Ajura) in Ogun State, Nigeria, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples analyzed included duikers, grasscutters, pythons, civets, and monitor lizards. Results revealed widespread contamination, with Hg levels (0.04–0.09 mg/kg) consistently exceeding the FAO/WHO (2011) limit of 0.05 mg/kg. Cd concentrations were especially high, ranging from 0.17 to 0.81 mg/kg across species, far surpassing permissible thresholds. Pb and As were detected at lower concentrations (0.01–0.03 mg/kg and 0.00–0.01 mg/kg, respectively), within regulatory limits but still of concern due to risks of bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity. Cr was not detected in any sample. These findings highlight heavy metal pollution as a regional environmental issue rather than an isolated occurrence, with implications for both consumer safety and ecosystem health. Elevated Hg and Cd levels are linked to reproductive impairment, kidney dysfunction, and reduced survival in wildlife, while contamination across trophic guilds signals potential biomagnification and ecosystem-wide disruption. The study concludes that heavy metal contamination in bushmeat represents a dual threat to public health and biodiversity. Strengthening environmental monitoring, regulating bushmeat trade, and mitigating anthropogenic pollution sources are essential steps to safeguard both human communities and wildlife populations.

Keywords: Heavy metal toxicity, Food safety risks, Ecosystem health, Wildlife conservation