Abstract

In Nigeria, rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to increased air pollution in major states, raising significant public health concerns. While some studies have monitored air quality in different states, a long-term comparison of air quality between states has yet to be undertaken. This study aims to conduct a comparative assessment of air quality in Lagos and Kano States. The study utilized data from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission, a satellite instrument designed to assess air quality. Data on nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and aerosols for Kano and Lagos were extracted using JavaScript in Google Earth Engine, covering the period from 2019 – 2023. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to determine the statistical significance of pollutant levels between the two states, and map visualizations were created using ArcGIS 10.7.1. The findings reveal significant differences in NO₂, CO, and aerosol concentrations between Lagos and Kano. Lagos consistently shows higher levels of NO₂ and CO, largely due to its dense population, industrial activities, and vehicular emissions. In contrast, Kano exhibits higher aerosol concentrations, likely influenced by its proximity to the Sahara Desert. Given the public health implications of NO₂, CO, and aerosols, there is an urgent need for policies addressing air pollution, particularly in highly urbanized areas. This research recommends the development of ground-based monitoring stations across various urban areas in Nigeria to complement satellite remote sensing data. Integrating satellite-based and ground-based observations will enhance air quality assessments and inform policy decisions aimed at mitigating air pollution and improving public health.

Key Words: Air pollution, Nigeria, Sentinel 5P, Remote Sensing